A Never-Ending Conflict: Episodes from Indic Resistance

When Alexander invaded India in 326 BCE and stayed in Taxila, he happened to meet Hindu sages well versed in the true ancient Indian philosophy and the impact was truly long-lasting.

Vijayanagara Kingdom was the epitome of great Hindu culture and civilisation. IT was the most militarized Hindu kingdom, but its geography defeated it as it was surrounded by five Islamic sultanates, who joined hands and the result was indeed spine chilling. There has been a mighty warrior in Assam, who defeated the powerful Mughals in 1671 by excellent use of the topography, wily diplomatic negotiations, military intelligence, guerilla tactics and psychological warfare.

In its 3000 years old history, the jewel was never bought and sold. Whenever it changed hands, it brought the worst in the man to the fore leaving gory mayhem, abject violence and deep sadness in its train and brought havoc.

The Khilafat Movement was a pan-Islamist political protest campaign, launched by Indian Muslims to restore the caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate. It later became a catalyst in establishing the separate Muslim state which resulted in the death of approximately 10 lakh people and more than one crore people were displaced. Its reverberations are still felt in India.